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' 3 Sheets-Sheet I. W. B. TREADWELL.

Cooking Stove and Ranger No. 39,508. Patented Aug 11,1863.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2;" W. B. TREADWELL. Cooking'Stove and Range. No. 39,508.

' Patented Aug. 11,1863.

N. FETERS. Pha'wmhumu Sheet 3.

3 Sheets w. TREADWELL.

Cooking Stove and Range.

Patented Aug. H, 1863.

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NITE STATES PATENT Orrin.

W. B. TREADWELL, OF ALBANY, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN COOKING STOVES AND RANGES Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 39,508, dated August 11, 1863.

that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 is a front elevation of the improved range. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section through the center of the range. Fig. 3 is a section taken through Fig. 2, as indicated by red line 00 ac thereon, the section being taken through thetwo ovens and fire-pot in ahorizongrate and their dampers, and also a direct-x draft opening. Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a fire-pot constructed of solid prongs or t eth. Fig. 12 is a transverse section taken vertically through the grate with its rake attachment. Fig. 13 is a diametrical section through a button door-fastening formed on a concave bearing. Figs. 14., 15 show a button mica-frame fastening in section, and also a portion of the mica-frame, one of which, 14.,

shows the button-fastenin g applied to it. Fig. 16 represents a mode which may be used for connecting together the ends of the firepot tubes. 1

Similar letters of reference indicate corre sponding parts in the several figures.

The nature of my invention consists, first, in an improvement in the construction of firepots and the valves and flue-spaces of single or double oven cooking ranges, stoves, &c., whereby I obtain a more perfect distribution of the heat to the ovens, am enabled to obtain a better control over the range, and also to prevent the escape of gases and smoke from the fire-pot into the room when the top plates of the stove are removed for broiling meats and for'other purposes hereinafter described; secondly, in an improved frame for holding the mica tight in the stove-doors, and in button-fasteningsfor confining the doors and the outer rings of the mica-frames in place, all as will be hereinafter described.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

In the accompanying drawings, A represents the ash-pit, the top plate, a, of which forms the base for the fire-pot, and within which plate a bed is formed for the grate a, as shown clearly in Figs. 2, 10, 6. The grate a at the bottom of the fire pot will be formed of straight flat bars b,'in front and rear, leaving spaces 1 between them, which spaces may be elliptical with a central arrangement of bars, 0, made circular or flat, as may be desired. It is designed to have said grate lie firmly in its bed and fixed in this condition. To this grate a I attach a reciprocating rake, 0, arranged either above or below the grate, and to attach the rake to the grate-frame slots d, Fig. 4, are made through thegrate for receiving pins 6 e, which pass through the rake also and receive nuts and washers on their ends, arranged so as to preven'tfriction, as far as possible, in the action of the rake. The bars 0 form the rake-frame, to which will be attached, in any suitable manner, the vertical tubular prongs or stirring-teeth f, Figs.

1 5 and 12, which project up through the bars of the grate and above these bars about two inches. Thus constructed,the rake may be worked by means of rods f f backward and forward, for the purpose ofkeeping the grate free from ashes and free from cintlers and other refuse matter which may be lying upon it. B is the fire-pot, which will have open sides Y and front, formed by means of tubes 99 g, attached to a hollow base, 9, and a hollow brim, 9 as shown: in Figs. 2, 6, 9 of the drawings, and through these tubes gg g water may flow, entering the tubes and escaping therefrom as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 3. The hollow base and hollow brim g g may, either or both of them, be omitted, and the ends of the tubes 9! may be connected together by means of knees, as shown in Fig. 16 of Sheet 2. The back, as well as the sides and front of the fire-pot, may be constructed of tubes, still the back of the chamber in which it is placed may be made of cast-iron, fire-brick, or soapstone, and the water-connections made as above described. Should it be found in practice that the water passing through this tubular work absorbs too much of the heat from the fire-pot, the number of the tubes may be diminished and their places supplied with solid iron bars, retaining still the openings in the fire-pot; and in cases where the range is wanted without the hot-water tubes, the firepot may be constructed of solid prongs .or teeth h, attached to a solid brim, h, as shown in Fig. 11, Sheet 2. Grated openings t t" are formed in the inclined side plates, ij, on each side of the fire-pot, opening into cavitiesk k, between the inner oven-plate and the sides of the fire-pot, as shown in Figs. 2 and 9. The plates jj may be made of cast-iron,fire-brick, or soapstone, or the c st-iron plates may be used to support the fire-brick or soapstone. Valves or dampers may be arranged at the openings i i, which may be used to regulate the amount of heat it is desired should escape through these openings into the flue-chambers k k. In the bottom of chamber k a passage, Z, is arranged and furnished with a valve or damper, which, when opened, will allow the heat escaping through opening i to descend into chamber 0, which is beneath the lower oven-plate of oven D, as shown in Figs.

- 2-, 3,8, and 9, from whence the heated productsof combustion are conducted by means of partial partition m to the chamber D", back ofthe oven D, and, finally, out through smokepipe D When the dampers of passages i and Z are opened, it will be seen that a direct draft is obtained, but when these dampers, or, rather, openings, are closed the products of combustion will all be conducted from the fire-pot over oven D, through chamber D and down through chamber E, thence under the oven, around one end of deflector m, and,

- finally, through chamber D and out at pipe D thus subjecting four sides of the oven D to their heating influence. In the bottom of the spaces 2 2, between the tubes g g and fire-pot B and through the plate a, are damper openings m, Fig. 10, which are used for checking rapid combustion, and also as an outlet into the ashpit for any refuse matter which might pass through the side grated openings in the fire-pot. The front damper-openings (shown clearly in Figs. 9, 10, and 6) are also used for the same purpose as the side dampen openings above referred to. By means of one or two doors, E E, access can be obtained to the chamber in front of the fire-pot, and these doors are used for the purpose of checking combustion, when opened, and also for allowing of the removal of any refuse matter which may collect in this chamber. For the purpose of closing said doors tight I will at the proper point form upon the vertical crossbar, which is between the doors E E, a concave form, Fig. 13, with a circular raised rib bearing around the outer edges of it,which form will have sufficient thickness of metal to answer the purpose required of it. Through the center of said concave form I put a screw, it, from within outward, and secure the screw in place in any suitable manner. Thus constructed, the screw n is designed as a bearing for a button-fastening, a, which may be of an annular or elliptical shape and constructed with a convex inner surface and a concave outer surface.- The inner surface is adapted to fit into the concavity in the form or plate 1), to which the screw-stem is fastened, and the outer surface is adapted to receive the convex surface of a nut, p, which is "tapped to receive the screw n and to bind -the button a tightly in its place on the screw it. The button a is made to fit loosely on its stem u, so that it can be easily turned when the nut 19 is loosened a little.

Instead of making the plate p, which holds the end of the screw n, with a concave surface to receive the corresponding convex surface of the button at, this plate 19 may be made with a convex surface, asshown in Fig. 14, and the button can have a concave surface to fit it. A

flat nut, 10 may be used in this case, if desirable, or the convex nut 9 may be used,.as in Fig. 13. The buttons, as well as the nuts, are provided with lips or lugs, in order that they may be easily moved with the fingers or an instrument adapted to the purpose. The button-fastenings are constructed withoverhanging lips, as shown in Figs. 1, 13, and 14, which project over lips r, which are formed on the mica-door frames H H and over the edges of these doors, as in the case of the door-fastening where one button is used to fasten both doorsEE. (ShowninFig.1.) Byscrewingup the nuts of these fastenings the buttons wnr door of a mica-frame. The base-ring H has a flange projection, s, infront, in which case the bearin g for the mica will be formed in the door H or outer ring, which, being hinged, will close over the flanged projection s and rest upon a shoulder-bearin g, thus drawing the mica-frame firmly upon flange S or the bearing for the mica may be formed in the basering H, Fig. 15, in which case theflanged projection s will be formed on the outer ring, H, and thus formed this outer ring, when closed, will bear upon the mica, which is placed within the base-rin g. The mica-frames may be made circular, elliptical, or of any other desired shape, and the rings H are confined in place when shut by means of the button-fastenings al ove described.

The operation of my invention is as follows In the operation of the range while baking the products of combustion will rise within the sides to the top of the fire-pot. Here they will divide and pass to the right and to the left would take but one course,

over the top-oven plates, thence descend and return underneath the bottom'oven-plates, as indicated by the arrows in Figs. 2 and 9. From thence, in passing in the case of oven D, they will be held to the front of the range by deflector m in chamber 0, and then they will pass out behind through pipe D but in the case of oven G the products of combustion, after having passed through the two outside flues in the chamber underneath this oven, they will return through a central flue,Gr, and from thence pass into the vertical flue G and then directly off through pipe G Outlet-pipe Gr may bedirect from flue G out of the side or top of the range, or it may be arranged as shown in the drawings. The smoke-pipe D may be placed at any point in the back plate of the range, and for this purpose the flue D may be framed back of the oven D, Fig. 3.

One of the prominent objects of constructing the fire-pot with open sides and placing the dampers or valves as above describedis to compel the heated gases, in certain cases, to pass downward. When thus constructed, and the valve or damper Z is opened, the gaseous products will be drawn down ward,passing through the openings in the sides of the fire-pot into a chamber, k, Figs. 2 and 3, without the outer line ofth-e fire pot through openings it, nearly on a line with the bottom of the fire-pot, thence through the lower valve, 1, in oven D, into chamber 0, underneath of oven D, and finally oft through pipe D behind this oven, as before described. The products of combustion acting upon oven Gr, after having passed through openings i into chamber 70, will then pass directly into chamber a, running longitudinally beneath the top oven-plate, and thence through damper-opening to, Figs. 2 and 9, into the vertical flue G and directly off through pipe G Thus are formed the direct outlets, and, when working with the dampers thus opened, the covers may be removed from the tire-pot at pleasure, without any escape of gas therefrom into the room.

It is designed to construct the range as represented in the drawings-via, with two ovens, D G, and both of them as the oven D is constructed. If, however, but one oven is required, the operation of the range would be the same-the entire products of combustion and would operate and expend their heat upon one oven only, as perfectly as in the case of the two; but the arrangement of the flues around oven G may be better and more desirable for a single oven than the arrangement around oven D.

It will be seen from the above description that I do not limit that part of my invention relating to the fire-pot to hot-water tubes, solid tubes, nor to the prongs or teeth represented in Fig. 16; but I merely describe these to show that an open fire-pot constructed upon these several plans may be used in conjunction with the side spaces, 2 2, and surrounding backing of fire-brick or soapstone.

It is necessary to the success of my invention in every instance to use an open grating, whether the bars of such be made solid or tubular. Thus when it is desired to check the products of combustion the dampers m m m are opened, so as to allow air to passup from the ash-pit and circulate around the entire body of coals confined within the grate. Or when it is desired to fry or broil on top of the stove, requiring the top of the stove to be open, the dampers l are opened and the draft is directed downward through the fire, through spaces 2, and out through the smoke'pipe, as before described.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The open firepot B, constructed as described, in combination with an iron or soapstone backing, arranged substantially as described.

2. Openings t l, chambers 70 O E D', and deflector m of the oven D, all arranged and operating substantially as described.

3. The arrangement of fines V G G G k, in combination with opening 2' and oven G, operating substantially as described.

4.. The combination of the space 2, between the open fire pot and the backing thereto, with the dampers m! m m, so that the combustion of the fuel may be retarded or regulated by a counter or upper current outside of the fire pot, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with a range or stove and the doors thereof, of the button-fastening, consisting of a fixed screw-pin, a, plate 19, button a, and nut p substantially as described. v 6. The combination, with a range or stove and the doors or windows thereof, of the micaframe H r s, constructed as represented, and the button-fastening a n and p 10 all substantially in the manner and for the purposes set forth.

WVitness my hand in the matter of my ap plication for patent for improvement in cooking ranges and stoves. w

W. B. TREADWELL.

Witnesses:

F. VAN EMBURGH, ELIZABETH TREADWELL. 

